Mental disorders are more toward deviations in thinking process: Personality disorders(such a Complex PTSD, narcissist personality disorder, schizophrenia, etc). While there is always an emotional component, the serious part is how the individual uses cortical thinking processes to deal with it. Astrologically, mental disorders involve Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter, the asteroids Nemesis and Psyche, and another group of asteroids which work only when they aspect any of the three planets involved. The large chart structures tend to impact the cortical function too, such as the T-Square, Grand Trines, and Grand Squares. To address this astrologically, one needs to spend some time exploring how the individual’s thinking processes about how the world impacts them actually work. Then, the astrologer can look to see how much of a deviation or distortion is taking place.
This is the area that most clinical psychologists and psychiatrists work. Medications can impact both the limbic system and the cortex and pre-frontal cortex. Medications are the purview of the psychiatrist.